Radical and rational functions — ACT practice questions
Radical and rational functions on the ACT Mathematics test cover square roots, other roots, and quotients of polynomials, including where those expressions are defined and how they graph. Students must find the real-number domain of a function, describe both domain and range, and interpret a rational graph at a canceled factor, such as a hole rather than a vertical asymptote. Questions are multiple choice and often ask which statement describes the domain, the range, or the graph at a given x-value. Common traps include treating a removable discontinuity as an asymptote, forgetting that even roots require a nonnegative radicand, and including values that make a denominator zero.
Section: Mathematics 45 questions on the paper
37 practice questions in the app
Sample questions
Question 1
Which of the following describes the real-number domain of the function h(x)=x−6(x−2)1/2?
Ax≥2
Bx≥2 and x=6
Cx>2 and x=6
DAll real x except 6
Show answer
Answer: B — x≥2 and x=6
The radicand requires x−2≥0, so x≥2, and the denominator is zero at x=6, which must be excluded. The domain is x≥2 with x=6.
Question 2
Given that f(x)=34x+5, which statement correctly describes the domain and range of f?
AThe domain is [−45,∞), and the range is all real numbers.
BThe domain is all real numbers, and the range is all real numbers.
CThe domain is all real numbers, and the range is [0,∞).
DThe domain excludes −45, and the range excludes 0.
Show answer
Answer: B — The domain is all real numbers, and the range is all real numbers.
A cube root is defined for every real radicand and can produce every real output. The linear expression inside does not restrict either set.
Question 3
Which of the following statements best describes the graph of y=(x−2)(x+1)(x−2)(x+5) at x=2?
AThere is a hole at x=2.
BThere is a vertical asymptote at x=2.
CThe graph crosses the x-axis at x=2.
DThe graph has a horizontal asymptote y=2.
Show answer
Answer: A — There is a hole at x=2.
Canceling (x−2) leaves x+1x+5 for x=2, so x=2 is a removable discontinuity (hole), not an asymptote.
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