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Sentence fragments — ACT practice questions

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What this topic is

A group of words ending in a period is not automatically a sentence.

Sentence fragments lack either a subject or a main verb, or they are dependent clauses left on their own, such as "Because the storm knocked out the power." That clause has a subject and a verb, yet the word because makes it lean on another clause to finish the thought.

In ACT English questions, the fragment usually sits in an underlined portion, and the choices offer fixes like removing a subordinating word, attaching the piece to the neighboring sentence with a comma, or turning an -ing word into a full verb.

Sample questions

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Seeds with a Memory

On Saturday mornings, visitors to Ridgeway Public Library stop at a cabinet once used for index cards. Its narrow drawers now hold envelopes of locally grown seeds. The seed-lending process follows a yearly cycle. [1] Volunteers seal the labeled envelopes for next year’s shelves. [2] Gardeners first choose a packet and plant its seeds. [3] After harvest, they dry seeds from successful plants and record where those plants grew. At the return desk, volunteers check that every packet names the plant, neighborhood, harvest month, and approximate growing conditions. They discard damp or damaged seeds, then divide sound seeds among several envelopes so that one unsuccessful planting will not exhaust a variety. A simple checkout slip records which packets leave the cabinet and when borrowers expect to harvest them.

By its third spring, the cabinet held more than three hundred varieties. A collection that included striped tomatoes, purple beans, and corn selected for short growing seasons.1 Each returned envelope carries more than seeds: its label also preserves one gardener’s observations for the next. Once a week, a volunteer copies those label notes into a searchable spreadsheet. Borrowers can compare entries by neighborhood, sun exposure, and harvest date before choosing a packet. The cabinet therefore holds both a physical collection and an expanding record of small, repeated trials.

Those observations gradually form a record of how plants respond to Ridgeway’s soil and weather. The notes can reveal local adaptation. One entry says that a particular bean line handled the heat like a champion during an unusually hot July. When volunteers interviewed the gardeners who grew that bean line, they explained that it continued producing after other beans stopped flowering. In a shaded test bed the following year, seeds from the line germinated consistent even after a week without rain. A series of notes from growers in three neighborhoods reveal how the same bean performs in different conditions. Together, the records help borrowers choose seeds while showing why careful returns matter.

The seed library therefore does more than circulate small envelopes. Its catalog preserves a growing body of practical knowledge that any neighbor can use.

Question 1Easier

Which choice makes the sentence most grammatically acceptable?

Show answer

Answer: C — The collection included striped tomatoes, purple beans, and corn selected for short growing seasons.

“The collection included” supplies both a subject and a finite verb. The other versions leave the list attached to a dependent construction and therefore remain fragments.

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