Study on the flyACTEnglishMisplaced and dangling modifiers; adjective vs. adverb

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Misplaced and dangling modifiers; adjective vs. adverb — ACT practice questions

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What this topic is

A describing phrase attaches to whatever noun sits right next to it, which is the idea behind Misplaced and dangling modifiers; adjective vs. adverb.

In "Walking to school, the rain soaked my jacket," the opening phrase seems to describe the rain, so the sentence needs the person who was walking right after the comma. The second half of the topic is simpler: adjectives describe nouns, while adverbs describe verbs, adjectives or other adverbs, so she sang beautifully, not beautiful.

ACT English choices often rearrange the same words in different orders, and the right version places each modifier beside the word it actually describes.

Sample questions

Pick an answer to see whether it is right — nothing is saved, and nothing needs an account.

A Stream Returns to Larkhaven

For decades, a narrow stream in the town of Larkhaven ran through a buried concrete pipe. It still carried rainwater downhill, but residents saw only a line of storm drains. When the pipe began to crack, town engineers considered replacing it. A volunteer planning group proposed a different solution: uncover the stream and make it the center of a public walkway. By removing the concrete pipe that was made of concrete, crews gave the channel room to bend. After nearby homeowners had told planners that flooding was their main concern, planners met with them to discuss the restored-channel design, but they were initially concerned about flooding, so planners built a demonstration section before work continued.

During construction, designers varied the channel’s depth instead of cutting a uniform trench. Shallow pools hold sudden runoff, while shelves planted with reeds offer cover to insects. The curved banks and staggered ledges, keep fast water from striking any one point with full force. Each terrace releases water at its own pace, allowing sediment to settle before the flow reaches the lower blocks. Designed to stay dry during storms, pedestrians follow the walkway along these curves1 without entering the floodway.

The project depends on maintenance as much as masonry. Neighborhood volunteers sample water monthly and remove litter before it reaches the planting beds. Those reed shelves also give small fish a place to rest out of the main current. On inspection walks, they look past the decorative railings to check for blocked outlets. Their work includes testing water clarity, clearing leaves from grates, and to record changes in plant growth2. These observations help crews decide which banks need new plants or repositioned stones.

In contrast, several paving stones are pale gray. The reopened stream has also become an outdoor classroom. Teachers ask students to compare water speed in straight and curved sections, then connect those measurements to the channel’s shape. Families use small signs along the path to identify the purposes of pools, reeds, and ledges. The channel occupies only six blocks, its effects extend beyond them. By revealing how water moves through a neighborhood, the project makes local infrastructure visible and understandable.

Question 1Easier

Which choice makes the sentence most grammatically acceptable?

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Answer: B — Designed to stay dry during storms, the walkway follows these curves

The introductory phrase Designed to stay dry during storms should modify the walkway, the path built to keep people out of floodwater. NO CHANGE and the choice that attaches the phrase to pedestrians make the pedestrians the thing that was designed. The remaining choice makes the curves the designed object, but the curves are channel banks, not the dry path.

Question 2Easier

Which choice makes the sentence most grammatically acceptable?

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Answer: C — testing water clarity, clearing leaves from grates, and recording changes in plant growth

All three activities should use parallel -ing forms: testing, clearing, and recording.

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