Words in Context on the SAT Reading and Writing section asks students to choose the word or phrase that most logically and precisely completes a short academic passage. The blank often sits in a concluding claim, so the student must read the surrounding evidence—letters that back a historian, experiments that isolate a cause, or plots that include or exclude a pollinator—and match the wording to that logic. Questions typically present a short set of brief options, often near-synonyms or relationship words such as supported versus undermined or dependent versus independent. Common traps include a grammatically smooth choice that overstates, understates, or reverses the relationship the text actually establishes.
Question 1
Methane detected in deep sediment could have resulted either from microbial activity or from a nonbiological mineral reaction. The cores came from several depths beneath the seafloor, and each sample was then split for parallel tests. When sterilizing the sediment caused methane production to cease, researchers were able to that production to the microbes.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
- Aexpose
- Battribute
- Crestrict
- Dcompare
Show answer
Answer: B — attribute
The loss of methane production after sterilization identifies microbial activity as its source. To attribute an effect to something is to regard that thing as the cause.
Question 2
Music historian Imani Cole argues that a revised version of composer Ren Varo’s symphony was performed in 1894. The original published score is silent on later changes to the closing movement. Cole’s claim is by two independently written letters from that year, each describing the same altered finale shortly after attending a concert.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
- Acorroborated
- Bprecluded
- Cundermined
- Dcircumscribed
Show answer
Answer: A — corroborated
The independent letters provide evidence that supports Cole’s claim. “Corroborated” means confirmed or strengthened by additional evidence.
Question 3
The moon orchid produced seeds in plots visited by a particular moth but produced virtually none in plots from which the moth was excluded. These results indicate that the orchid’s reproductive success is the presence of its nocturnal pollinator.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
- Acontingent on
- Bcommensurate with
- Cincidental to
- Demblematic of
Show answer
Answer: A — contingent on
Seed production occurred only when the moth was present, so the orchid’s reproductive success depends on that pollinator. “Contingent on” means dependent on. “Commensurate with” would require a proportional scale, not presence versus absence; “incidental to” treats the moth as irrelevant; and “emblematic of” would make seed set a symbol of the moth rather than a result that requires it.
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