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Argument and evidence — SHSAT practice questions

Argument and evidence on the SHSAT Reading Comprehension section asks students to connect a stated idea or conclusion to the lines that actually back it up. A student must pick the sentence, pair of details, or other evidence that most tightly supports a given claim, not merely something related to the same scene. Questions typically name an idea first and then ask which choice best supports it. Common traps include a true detail from a later moment, a weaker paraphrase, or evidence that supports a nearby but different point. Answer choices usually look like quoted sentences or short clusters of facts from the passage.

  • Section: Reading Comprehension 46 questions on the paper
  • 116 practice questions in the app

Sample questions

The Quiet Press

1
In October 1912, when I was fourteen, the front room of my uncle Edwin's print shop shook from morning until supper. The great iron press swallowed blank paper and returned election notices, theater bills, and menus, each with the same stern clap. A long run on the Albion took two people, my uncle at the platen and an apprentice lifting each sheet away by its corner, and both counted under the noise because it was easier than shouting a number twice. On a heavy day the front room turned out eleven hundred impressions before the light went. I had learned to hear that sound as my uncle's answer to the world: if words deserved an audience, he would give them one. So when Mrs. Vale of the Equal Franchise League entered carrying a handwritten page, I expected him to reach for his composing stick before she removed her gloves.
 
2
Instead, Uncle Edwin read the page twice and glanced toward the broad shop window. Across the street, Mr. Pritchard, who owned the grain warehouse, stood beneath the awning pretending to study a seed catalog. Two weeks earlier, after we printed a workers' meeting notice, someone had chipped that window with a stone. The stone had come in at an angle through the lower corner, and the crack ran up beneath the gilt lettering of the shop's name, so that for eleven days the E of Edwin had a line drawn through it. Nobody was charged. The constable wrote that the street had been empty, and asked whether we meant to go on taking that class of work. Handbills from that meeting still lay on the counter, their corners browned where rain had entered through the cracked pane. Uncle Edwin had paid the glazier with money set aside for new type and had told our apprentices only that orders might be scarce for a few days. Uncle Edwin laid Mrs. Vale's page beside the register. “Not through the Albion,” he said, naming the large press. “And not tonight.” Mrs. Vale gathered the page without arguing. I pushed my broom so hard that a row of metal type rattled in its case.
 
3
His refusal seemed worse because of something he had told me when I first began setting type. A press, he said, could not decide which words were respectable. “Machines don't choose what deserves paper. People do.” I had admired that sentence enough to copy it inside my arithmetic book. Now I decided it had been meant only for harmless words. Yet as Mrs. Vale reached the door, Uncle Edwin quietly asked, “Two hundred copies, still?” She nodded. He examined the street once more before saying that the morning train left at six-ten.
 
4
After she departed, he did several things that did not fit my conclusion, though I forced them to. He counted three unopened packages of cream paper. Cream stock was wedding paper and cost nearly twice what handbill paper cost; we had laid it in that spring for an order which never arrived. He wrote nothing in the day book, which he had filled in every evening for as long as I had been in the shop. He put a tin of blue ink into his coat instead of returning it to the cabinet. From the hook above his desk, he took the narrow key to the carriage house, where an old foot-powered press stood under a canvas sheet. When I asked whether the little press was broken, he said only, “Its hinge complains.” I told myself he planned to sell it for scrap.
 
5
At supper, a blue crescent marked the edge of his cuff, although every job we had printed that day used black ink. He ate quickly and did not ask about school. The parcel was tied before he named it, in butcher's paper and string, and it sat heavier at one end than a bundle of almanacs had any reason to. He asked me to deliver a parcel of “almanacs” to Mrs. Vale's boardinghouse. The wrapping slipped as I carried it, revealing the corner of a blank cream sheet and a line of fresh blue type: ...voice in the laws... I stopped under a gas lamp. Perhaps, I thought, Mrs. Vale had found another printer and Uncle Edwin was merely delivering the work. It was an awkward explanation, but it allowed me to remain angry.
 
6
Near midnight I woke to a soft, regular thump behind the house. It was not the Albion's commanding clap. The sound was more like a careful heartbeat trying not to wake a patient. Light showed beneath the carriage-house door. Inside, blankets covered the windows, the canvas lay folded on the floor, and Uncle Edwin pressed the old machine's treadle while Mrs. Vale lifted damp pages onto a drying rack. The press was the size of a sewing table and took one sheet at a time. The type had been set by hand on a stone laid across two sawhorses, with the composing stick and a candle at its edge, and a horse blanket lay folded beneath the frame to keep the treadle's shock out of the floorboards. At the top of each sheet, in blue letters, were the words A VOICE IN THE LAWS.
 
7
Uncle Edwin did not look surprised to see me. He pointed to a stool and explained while he worked. The Albion could be heard halfway down Market Street, and Mr. Pritchard had begun lingering outside whenever Mrs. Vale visited. Printing the pages was lawful, but a second broken window could close the shop for days and leave our two apprentices without wages. The carriage-house press was slow, yet its sound stayed inside the blankets. He had oiled its hinge that afternoon and moved the paper before supper. “Courage is useful,” he said, feeding in another sheet, “but it should not send someone else's supper bill unpaid.”
 
8
The evidence I had arranged against him changed its meaning all at once. His glance toward the street had been reconnaissance, not embarrassment. The key and ink were preparations, not plans for scrap. Even “not tonight” had contained a narrow truth: the Albion would not print the pages that night. I understood, too, that his hands were trembling slightly as he aligned each sheet. He was not fearless, and he was not the bronze hero I might have invented after discovering the secret. He was frightened enough to plan carefully and committed enough to continue.
 
9
I worked the drying rack until the eastern sky paled. Before opening the shop, we removed the blankets and carried the little press's blue-stained rollers back under their canvas. At eight, Uncle Edwin started the Albion on a stack of restaurant menus. Its familiar clap filled the front room and traveled through the window to Market Street. The day before, I had heard that noise as proof that my uncle would speak plainly or not at all. Now I heard something else in it: useful cover for the quieter answer already bundled aboard the six-ten train.

Question 1

Which sentence from paragraph 2 best supports the idea that printing certain notices has already put the shop at risk?

  1. AInstead, Uncle Edwin read the page twice and glanced toward the broad shop window.
  2. BTwo weeks earlier, after we printed a workers' meeting notice, someone had chipped that window with a stone.
  3. CMrs. Vale gathered the page without arguing.
  4. DI pushed my broom so hard that a row of metal type rattled in its case.
Show answer

Answer: B — Two weeks earlier, after we printed a workers' meeting notice, someone had chipped that window with a stone.

The sentence links a previous political notice to a stone through the window, showing that this class of printing has already endangered the shop. Choice A shows Edwin’s caution but not that harm has already occurred. Choice C records Mrs. Vale’s response, not the risk to the shop. Choice D shows the narrator’s anger, not evidence of danger.

Question 2

Which pair of details best supports the conclusion that Uncle Edwin had planned the hidden printing before Mrs. Vale left the shop?

  1. AHe reads the page twice, and the narrator copies one of his sayings into an arithmetic book.
  2. BHe notices Mr. Pritchard across the street, and the narrator pushes her broom forcefully.
  3. CHe says the Albion will not print the page, and Mrs. Vale gathers up her paper.
  4. DHe confirms the number of copies and mentions the morning train, then later takes the carriage-house key and blue ink.
Show answer

Answer: D — He confirms the number of copies and mentions the morning train, then later takes the carriage-house key and blue ink.

The copy count and train time reveal an existing production and delivery plan, while the key and ink show Edwin preparing the quieter press he intends to use.

Question 3

Which evidence best supports the idea that the narrator begins to doubt her explanation before she discovers the carriage-house operation?

  1. AShe notices that the blue ink, cream paper, and partly visible words do not fit the ordinary black-ink jobs, yet she calls her alternative explanation awkward.
  2. BShe remembers that Uncle Edwin once taught her how a press works and copied his words in her arithmetic book.
  3. CShe hears the Albion producing election notices, theater bills, and menus with the same loud clap.
  4. DShe sees Uncle Edwin's hands tremble while he aligns sheets on the old press.
Show answer

Answer: A — She notices that the blue ink, cream paper, and partly visible words do not fit the ordinary black-ink jobs, yet she calls her alternative explanation awkward.

Before the midnight discovery, the mismatched ink, paper, and visible phrase point toward secret printing, and her admission that her preferred explanation is awkward reveals doubt.

Practice 116 Argument and evidence questions in the app

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